Time Dilation in Relativity
One of the most controversial consequence of the special theory of relativity has been the necessity to revise our concept of time, a revision motivated
in particular by the phenomenon of the variability of the measure of time in
different systems of reference. If you need an article on this topic, you can order essay from
essay writing service on EssayHub easily. Having two systems in motion with respect to
each other, the time measured in the first system is not the same as the one
measured in the second system. In fact, time is dilated and that implies in
particular that a person traveling at a very high speed relatively to a given
system will not age in the same way as a person who is motionless with
respect to this same system.
This dilation of time, that follows logically from the postulates of the
special theory of relativity, is rather surprising. It has, in the years following
the introduction of the theory, sparked strong reactions and antagonisms as
well as a lot of disarray in the circle of scientists and philosophers. This
has certainly been one of the main reasons for the original opposition to this
theory of relativity. Presently, this opposition is rather reduced and episodic,
though some revival of activity has occurred in recent years. It is evident
that it cannot have much repercussion, given the fact that the special theory
of relativity is considered by the great majority of physicists as definitively
established. Any contestation will face either a deadly silence or the scorn of
the establishment.
The purpose of this section is to draw attention to a specific objection
made to the theory of relativity, objection which does not seem to be well
known, but appears to have a considerable weight. This objection is expressed in a book by Julius J¨arnaker (see [JJ]). In this book, the author
exposes his objections against relativity and develops his own theory. Just search
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following consideration at the beginning of the book gives a simple, clear,
but decisive objection to the theory:
It is extremely odd how people have failed to observe that the theory of
relativity contains a trivial self-contradiction in respect of time. A clock in
a rapidly moving train does not show the same time as it does for a person
standing near the track. However the actual train, with its movement relative
to the track is itself a clock that shows the same time for both the passengers
on the train and the person standing stationary alongside it.
Our purpose here is to illustrate briefly this objection and we refer the
reader to the book mentioned above for more details.
We consider the following thought experiment where we have a system
consisting of a train T (denoted by ∗ in the following diagram 1 ) that is
moving on a rectilinear railroad at a constant velocity as measured from the
railroad.
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On the railroad itself, sign-posts (denoted by +) have been laid at constant
intervals. Next to each sign-post + stands a fixed observer. The time is
measured in the following way by the observers along the railroad as well as
by the conductor of the train who is located at the front of it:
The unit of time is the time taken by the train to travel from one signpost to the next. The passage of the train at each sign-post is transmitted by
light signals to all the observers located along the railroad.
The experiment starts when the train passes sign-post A in the direction
of B and stops when the train arrives at B. Let us suppose that the number
of sign-posts is n. The conductor of the train and the observer located at B
compare their respective measures of time when the front of the train goes
through B. It is immediate that, with the agreed definition of the measure of
time, the length of this experiment will consist of n − 1 units of time for the
observers as well as for the conductor, even if he were moving with uniform
velocity with respect to the observers and the railroad.
It follows then, contrary to the theory of special relativity, that the measure of time is the same for all observers, whether they are at rest or are
moving at a constant velocity with respect to each other. There is no dilation of time as predicted by the theory of relativity. Knowing all this, you can write a great essay on the subject. It will not be easy, but you can always ask
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The preceding considerations can easily be applied to the thorny question
of the differential aging of the twins when one of them is moving rapidly
relative to the other. We can assume here that one of the twins is the
conductor of the train and the other is any one of the observers along the
railroad, in particular the observer located at B. It is evident that neither is
older or younger than the other at the end of the experiment and there is no
paradox.
In order to avoid the transmission by light signals of the passages of the
train to the observers, the above experiment can be refined in the following
4
way.
The railroad is divided in two sections OA and AB with similar conditions
The only difference with this experiment is that it consists of two parts.
First, the displacement of the train from O to A is used to allow the observers
along the railroad to adjust and regulate their clocks from the movement of
the train. The second part from A to B is the same as in the first experiment.
During the two parts, the velocity of the train is constant.
Here again it is clear that, contrary to the theory of relativity, no dilation
of time is detectable in this experiment.
